Table 4 Multi-variable regression analysis on primary care providers’ confidence in providing MMT services, overall and by MMT experiences (N = 276)

Physician/Physician Assistant vs. Other

3.60

0.85; 6.35

.011

5.17

1.95; 8.40

.002

2.52

− 1.90; 6.94

.261

 ≥ 4 years medical education vs. Lower

− 5.71

− 10.34; − 1.07

.016

2.72

− 1.06; 6.49

.155

− 5.80

− 11.22; − 0.39

.036

Experienced MMT

3.08

− 0.72; 6.87

.111

–

–

–

–

–

–

Experienced MMT *Years of medical education

8.68

2.21; 15.15

.009

–

–

–

–

–

–

SUD-related training

 ≥ 2 training

1.11

− 2.48; 4.70

.543

2.92

− 4.41; 10.26

.429

1.35

− 4.15; 6.85

.628

1 training

2.36

− 1.02; 5.73

.170

3.88

− 3.53; 11.29

.230

2.76

− 1.79; 7.32

.232

Never

Ref

–

–

Ref

–

–

Ref

–

–

Number of PWUD seen monthly

0.04

− 0.02; 0.10

.152

0.04

− 0.02; 0.09

.194

0.03

− 0.09; 0.15

.654

MMT knowledge

0.75

0.30; 1.20

.001

0.30

− 0.38; 0.99

.381

0.90

0.29; 1.51

.004

Belief in harm reduction

0.34

− 0.30; 0.98

.302

0.21

− 0.59; 1.00

.606

0.40

− 0.58; 1.38

.419

Perceived work-related support

0.66

0.39; 0.93

 < .001

0.71

0.35; 1.08

 < .001

0.58

0.19; 0.96

.004