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Table 3 Estimated marginal means (SDs), and effect sizes for symptom change at minimal dose (Session 3) and final session (Session 5)

From: A pilot study of twice-weekly group-based written exposure therapy for veterans in residential substance use treatment: effects on PTSD and depressive symptoms

Measure

Session 1

Session 3

Session 5

Cohen’s d (Session 1 to 3)

Cohen’s d (Session 1 to 5)

PCL-5

48.9 (15.7)

41.0 (18.5)

39.8 (19.6)

0.46

0.51

PHQ-9

15.3 (6.34)

12.5 (6.14)

12.7 (5.9)

0.46

0.43

  1.  PCL-5: PTSD Checklist, DSM-5 version; PHQ-9: patient health questionnaire, 9-item version; SDs: standard deviations. Estimated marginal means (EMMs) were used to adjust for missing data and within-subject correlations in the repeated measures design, as recommended by a reviewer. EMMs provide a model-based estimate of the average effect at each session, accounting for the overall statistical model
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Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

ISSN: 1940-0640