Patient characteristics associated with their level of twelve-step attendance prior to entry into treatment for substance use disorders

Table 3 Comparison of individuals presenting to SUD treatment who had ever attended TS versus those who had never attended TS based on characteristics assessed at intake to SUD treatment

	Ever 12-Step (n = 1,790)		Never 12-Step (n = 1,331)
	Mean/%	SD/Count	Mean/%	SD/Count	t/χ²	p	Cohen’s d/h
*Demographics*
Race
African American	51.2%	909	60.0%	792	23.55	< 0.001	-0.18
Hispanic	12.2%	216	13.9%	184	2.10	0.147	-0.05
White	33.4%	593	22.4%	296	44.65	< 0.001	0.25
Mixed	1.5%	26	2.1%	28	1.90	0.168	-0.05
Other	1.8%	32	1.6%	21	0.20	0.653	0.02
Ever been homeless	75.3%	1342	59.2%	784	91.62	< 0.001	0.35
*Mental Health*
Emotional Problems Scale	30.77	24.07	20.65	20.39	12.67	< 0.001	0.50
Mental Health Treatment Index	29.12	43.56	19.95	38.16	6.15	< 0.001	0.24
*Substance Use*
Treatment Motivation Index	3.14	1.01	2.67	1.11	12.19	< 0.001	0.43
AOD kept you from meeting responsibilities	62.6%	1119	75.7%	1005	60.41	< 0.001	-0.29
AOD use created unsafe situations	26.5%	474	53.2%	706	230.51	< 0.001	-0.55
AOD use caused you to give up important activities	57.2%	1022	70.6%	938	58.27	< 0.001	-0.28
*Prior Treatment*
Any prior treatment?	90.1%	1612	56.4%	749	469.72	< 0.001	0.80
Prior treatment modality:
Outpatient	12.2%	218	5.4%	72	41.50	< 0.001	0.24
Methadone Maintenance	16.1%	288	9.7%	129	26.99	< 0.001	0.19
Intensive outpatient	22.5%	402	9.2%	123	95.31	< 0.001	0.37
Residential	81.6%	1461	46.3%	616	428.25	< 0.001	0.76
Other	10.2%	182	6.6%	88	12.22	< 0.001	0.13
Currently in treatment for AOD	12.3%	220	5.0%	67	48.038	< 0.001	0.27
How reluctant are you to remain abstinent?	2.63	10.25	16.88	24.70	-17.39	< 0.001	-0.58
How reluctant are you to stop using AOD?	5.00	16.99	24.16	37.84	-8.13	< 0.001	-0.51

Notes. Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD); Substance Use Disorder (SUD). This table presents results comparing individuals who had ever attended Twelve-Step (TS) versus those who had never attended TS on several characteristics measured at intake to SUD treatment. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square statistics, and continuous metrics were analyzed using a t-test. Cohen’s h was used to calculate the effect size for variables presented here as percentages, and Cohen’s d was used to calculate the effect size for variables presented here as means and standard deviations. Individuals who had ever attended TS are presented here as the comparator group, while those who had never attended TS were treated as the referent group. Thus, positive effect sizes indicated the “ever TS attenders” had a greater mean or percentage for the item, while negative values indicate that “never TS attenders” had a greater mean or percentage for the item

ISSN: 1940-0640