Initial assessment of a novel smoking cessation program integrating app-based behavioral therapy and an electronic cigarette: results of a pilot study

Table 9 Bivariate analyses of changes in psychophysiological health outcomes by smoking status at the 12- and 24-week follow-ups

Outcome	Abstinent individuals at 12 weeks					Non-abstinent individuals at 12 weeks
Outcome	t₀ M (SD)	t₃ M (SD)	p	t (df)	d	t₀ M (SD)	t₃ M (SD)	p	t (df)	d
PSS-10	19.25 (4.81)	14.89 (4.22)	< 0.001***	5.10 (27)	0.97	18.49 (5.22)	19.71 (5.58)	0.176	−1.38 (34)	–
FFA	2.45 (0.32)	2.70 (0.33)	< 0.001***	−3.85 (27)	0.75	2.66 (0.40)	2.57 (0.34)	0.083	1.79 (34)	–
SEQ-12	33.83 (8.93)	44.5 (9.74)	< 0.001***	−4.71 (27)	1.14	31.83 (8.03)	31.94 (8.44)	0.951	−0.06 (34)	–
L-1	5.57 (1.57)	7.14 (1.43)	< 0.001***	−3.75 (27)	1.05	6.20 (1.62)	5.89 (1.98)	0.324	1 (34)	–
SF12 PH	16.21 (2.08)	17.42 (1.45)	0.005**	−3.06 (27)	0.68	16.03 (2.39)	16.49 (2.42)	0.222	−1.24 (34)	–
SF12 MH	18.79 (3.37)	20.82 (2.76)	0.011*	−2.75 (27)	0.66	18.95 (3.15)	18.49 (4.37)	0.475	0.72 (34)	–

	Abstinent individuals at 24 weeks					Non-abstinent individuals at 24 weeks
	t₀ M (SD)	t₄ M (SD)	p	t (df)	d	t₀ M (SD)	t₄ M (SD)	p	t (df)	d
PSS-10	18.83 (4.98)	13.38 (4.97)	< 0.001***	4.45 (22)	1.01	18.77 (5.39)	18.81 (5.76)	0.974	−0.03 (30)	–
FFA	2.49 (0.31)	2.78 (0.35)	< 0.001***	−3.55 (22)	0.85	2.61 (0.42)	2.65 (0.38)	0.499	−0.68 (30)	–
SEQ-12	32.30 (7.81)	50.17 (9.77)	< 0.001***	−7.63 (22)	2.02	33.35 (9.57)	28.74 (6.76)	0.035*	2.21 (30)	0.56
L-1	5.61 (1.73)	7.83 (1.40)	< 0.001***	−4.89 (22)	1.41	6.06 (1.59)	6.35 (2.33)	0.521	−0.65 (30)	–
SF12 PH	16.22 (2.26)	17.74 (1.36)	0.002**	−3.46 (22)	0.82	16.06 (2.05)	16.26 (2.54)	0.579	−0.56 (30)	–
SF12 MH	18.91 (3.68)	22.57 (2.48)	< 0.001***	−4.47 (22)	1.16	18.55 (3.15)	19.55 (4.06)	0.118	−1.61 (30)	–

t₀ = Baseline; t₃ = 12-week follow-up; t₄ = 24-week follow-up; PSS-10 = Perceived Stress Scale, FFA = Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, SEQ-12 = Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, L-1 = Short Scale Life Satisfaction-1, SF12 PH = Short Form Health Survey Physical Health, SF12 MH = Short Form Health Survey Mental Health; d = Cohen’s d; available n at t₃ = 63, at t₄ = 5
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 1940-0640