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Table 4 Associations between service use and buprenorphine discontinuation within 18 months excluding inpatient/residential quarters (N = 11,654)

From: Buprenorphine discontinuation and utilization of psychosocial services: a national study in the Veterans Health Administration

Service

Fully adjusted

 

HR (95% CI)

Substance use disorder psychotherapy

0.78 (0.73, 0.83)

Primary care-based mental health

0.95 (0.89, 1.01)

Primary care

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

Pain services

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

Mental health clinic

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

Social work

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

Clinical pharmacy

1.07 (1.02, 1.13)

Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

Criminal justice outreach

1.06 (0.98, 1.15)

Vocational services

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

Recreational/occupational therapy

1.16 (1.08, 1.24)

Chaplain

1.15 (1.05, 1.26)

Residential treatment

1.47 (1.34, 1.62)

  1. Fully adjusted model includes all lagged service predictors simultaneously and adjusts for age, gender, race, lagged ED visits, and lagged receipt of buprenorphine from multiple facilities. HR = Hazard Ratio. 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval. ED = emergency department