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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the analytic sample and clusters

From: Subtypes and service utilization among opioid use disorder patients at a community health center: findings from a medically underserved urban area of the Northeastern United States

 

Entire Analytic Sample

N = 705

(n, %)

Cluster 1

n = 82

(n, %)

Cluster 2

n = 117

(n, %)

Cluster 3

n = 120

(n, %)

Cluster 4

n = 121

(n, %)

Cluster 5

n = 135

(n, %)

Cluster 6

n = 130

(n, %)

Age, Mean (SD)1

44.1 (12.1)

43.7 (12.0)

41.6 (11.7)#

43.6 (11.4)

44.0 (13.2)

43.8 (11.3)

47.4 (12.5)#

Race and Ethnicity1

       

 Black or African American

282 (40.0%)

33 (40.2%)

39 (33.3%)

46 (38.3%)

46 (38.0%)

61 (45.2%)

57 (43.8%)

 Hispanic of any Race

117 (16.6%)

14 (17.1%)

19 (16.2%)

24 (20.0%)

29 (24.0%)b

11 (8.1%)a

20 (15.4%)

 White

263 (37.3%)

29 (35.4%)

52 (44.4%)

42 (35.0%)

37 (30.6%)

54 (40.0%)

49 (37.7%)

 Another Race or Ethnicity

12 (1.7%)

2 (2.4%)

1 (0.9%)

3 (2.5%)

3 (2.5%)

2 (1.5%)

1 (0.8%)

 Unknown Race or Ethnicity

31 (4.4%)

4 (4.9%)

6 (5.1%)

5 (4.2%)

6 (5.0%)

7 (5.2%)

3 (2.3%)

Sex1

       

 Female

207 (29.4%)

23 (28.0%)

32 (27.4%)

41 (34.2%)

41 (33.9%)

24 (17.8%)a

46 (35.4%)

 Male

498 (70.6%)

59 (72.0%)

85 (72.6%)

79 (65.8%)

80 (66.1%)

111 (82.2%)b

84 (64.6%)

Healthcare Plan

       

 Charity Care

72 (10.2%)

0 (0.0%)a

68 (58.1%)b

0 (0.0%)a

4 (3.3%)a

0 (0.0%)a

0 (0.0%)a

 Medicare/Medicaid

527 (74.8%)

82 (100.0%)b

95 (81.2%)

120 (100.0%)b

100 (82.6%)b

0 (0.0%)a

130 (100.0%)b

 Private Insurance

158 (22.4%)

0 (0.0%)a

11 (9.4%)a

25 (20.8%)

121 (100.0%)b

1 (0.7%)a

0 (0.0%)a

 Private Pay

147 (20.9%)

0 (0.0%)a

108 (92.3%)b

0 (0.0%)a

24 (19.8%)

15 (11.1%)a

0 (0.0%)a

 Other Funding

323 (45.8%)

0 (0.0%)a

41 (35.0%)a

120 (100.0%)b

27 (22.3%)a

135 (100.0%)b

0 (0.0%)a

Co-Diagnosed SUD Dx

       

 Alcohol Use Disorder Dx

200 (28.4%)

33 (40.2%)b

30 (25.6%)

40 (33.3%)

31 (25.6%)

39 (28.9%)

27 (20.8%)a

 Cannabis Use Disorder Dx

224 (31.8%)

33 (40.2%)

37 (31.6%)

44 (36.7%)

36 (29.8%)

54 (40.0%)b

20 (15.4%)a

 Cocaine Use Disorder Dx

223 (31.6%)

35 (42.7%)b

48 (41.0%)b

39 (32.5%)

42 (34.7%)

26 (19.3%)a

33 (25.4%)a

 Other Substance Use Disorder Dx

112 (15.9%)

19 (23.2%)

19 (16.2%)

18 (15.0%)

18 (14.9%)

23 (17.0%)

15 (11.5%)

Co-Diagnosed MHD Dx

       

 Anxiety Disorder Dx

76 (10.8%)

0 (0.0%)a

13 (11.1%)

18 (15.0%)

10 (8.3%)

9 (6.7%)

26 (20.0%)b

 Bipolar Disorder Dx

90 (12.8%)

0 (0.0%)a

17 (14.5%)

26 (21.7%)b

12 (9.9%)

6 (4.4%)a

29 (22.3%)b

 Depressive Disorder Dx

137 (19.4%)

0 (0.0%)a

16 (13.7%)

38 (31.7%)b

24 (19.8%)

13 (9.6%)a

46 (35.4%)b

 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Dx

30 (4.3%)

0 (0.0%)a

6 (5.1%)

3 (2.5%)

7 (5.8%)

1 (0.7%)a

13 (10.0%)b

 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder Dx

50 (7.1%)

0 (0.0%)a

8 (6.8%)

9 (7.5%)

10 (8.3%)

5 (3.7%)

18 (13.8%)b

Co-Diagnosed MHD or SUD

       

 No Co-Diagnosed MHD or SUD

123 (17.4%)

0 (0.0%)a

20 (17.1%)

21 (17.5%)

12 (9.9%)a

34 (25.2%)b

36 (27.7%)b

 Co-Diagnosed SUD but no MH

308 (43.7%)

82 (100.0%)b

54 (46.2%)

33 (27.5%)a

62 (51.2%)

77 (57.0%)b

0 (0.0%)a

 Co-Diagnosed MHD but no SUD

78 (11.1%)

0 (0.0%)a

10 (8.5%)

13 (10.8%)

21 (17.4%)b

6 (4.4%)a

28 (21.5%)b

 Co-Diagnosed MHD and SUD

196 (27.8%)

0 (0.0%)a

33 (28.2%)

53 (44.2%)b

26 (21.5%)

18 (13.3%)a

66 (50.8%)b

  1. Dx = Diagnosis
  2. MHD = Mental Health Disorder
  3. SUD = Substance Use Disorder
  4. 1Sociodemographic variables are included in this table for descriptive purposes and were not included in the cluster analysis
  5. aAdjusted Standardized Residual (ASR) = ≤ -2
  6. bAdjusted Standardized Residual (ASR) = ≥ 2
  7. #Significant group differences in Bonferroni posthoc comparisons
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Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

ISSN: 1940-0640